HUMAN BEHAVIOR IN THE ORGANIZATION
The worker's activities are activities of humans and are therefore an essential part of humanity.
These activities have at least five dimensions, on the main aspects that must be considered in the analysis of work, and all the employee needs to be entrepreneur and feel accomplished for production:
a) Technical aspects - involves issues relating to place of work and adjustment physiological and sociological.
b) Physiological aspects - is the degree of adaptation man - place of work - Physical environment and the problem of fatigue - the human being is not a machine and does not work like a machine.
c) Moral aspect - considers the skills, the motivation, the degree of awareness, satisfaction and the intimate relationship between work activity and personality - the work is an extension of personality, is how a person measures his worth and his humanity.
d) Social aspect - considers the specific issues in the working environment and external factors such as family, social class, etc..
e) Economic aspect - as the production of wealth - the work is a way of life.
Businesses is evaluated by the following requirements:
1) Environment of the business - credibility, respect, fairness, pride and camaraderie;
2) Profile of the company - benefits, compensation, ethics and citizenship, professional development and balancing work and personal life
"There is ways that discover and adopts measures of how to maximize the work efficiency.
- Every person is influenced exclusively by rewards wage, economic and material, not considering the needs of staff achievement and promotion.
The humanism considers the improvement of development, welfare and dignity as the ultimate objective of all human thought and action - above ideals and values of religious, ideological or national.
The commitment to humanism defends the adoption of the following three fundamental principles:
a) Philosophical, consisting in the design of humans - men and women - as be autonomous and rational and respect fundamental to all human beings while endowed with free will, rationality, moral awareness, capacity imaginative and creative.
b) Social policy, which consists of a universal ethic of equality, reciprocity and human solidarity and a policy of pluralistic democracy, fair and human.
c) Educational, consisting of the commitment to help all individuals in implementation and improvement of its potential.
So, with the humanistic approach, "the concern with the machine, the working method, with the formal organization and the principles of administration applicable to organizational aspects give priorities to the concern with man and his social group: the technical aspects for the formal psychological and sociological aspects.
The school of human relations was born from the need of reducing the dehumanization of work and at the same time, increasing the efficiency in business.
The informal groups can communicate with ease, and find supportive environment for the majority of their problems. The formal organization is the organizational structure - organs, functions, hierarchical levels and functional relationships - and informal organization is the set of interactions and relationships that are established between the workers - uses and customs, traditions and social norms.
The informal organization is reflected by attitudes and provisions based on the opinion and sentiment. The expression of the need to 'join up' and do not change quickly or make the logic: relate to the sense of values, the lifestyles and the acquisition of social life that a person strives to preserve and defend of which is willing to fight and resist.
The social man, which is based on the following aspects:
a) Employees are complex social creatures, with their feelings, desires and fears. The behavior at work - as the behavior in any place - is a consequence of many motivational factors.
b) People are motivated by human needs and achieve their satisfaction through social groups with whom they interact. Difficult to participate and connect with the group cause elevation of turnover of people, lowering of moral, psychological fatigue, reduced levels of performance,
c) The behavior of social groups can be manipulated by an appropriate style of supervision and leadership (human abilities).
d) The social norms of the group act as regulatory mechanisms of the behavior of members. The levels of production are controlled by the rules of the informal group. This social control takes both positive sanctions (stimulation, social acceptance, etc..) And negative (mockery, isolation from the group, etc.).. The employee is seen as a being creative and thinking, and issues such as integration, social behavior and participation in decisions.
The theory of bureaucracy was born from the work of Max Weber, in the 1940s, he studied the organization as part of a social context, influenced by changing social, economic and religious.
The bureaucratic model is proposed as an efficient administrative structure for complex organizations, governed by the rules and inflexible hierarchy. Bureaucracy is a form of human organization that is based on rationality.
The characteristics of bureaucracy are:
a) Legal nature of the rules and regulations: it is an organization bound by rules and regulations established in writing in advance.
b) Formal communications: they are recorded in writing by forms, so that the bureaucracy is a formally organized to a social structure.
c) Rational: division of labor, where the tasks are set for each participant.
d) Impersonal: relationship in terms of positions, not people.
e) Hierarchy: each post below is under the supervision of the superior officer.
f) Routine: the employee must do what is the boss bureaucracy, he is not independent.
g) Meritocracy: the choice of people is based on merit and technique competence.
h) Administration of expertise: separation between ownership and management.
i) Professional.
j) Predictability: assumes that the behavior of all members is perfectly predictable.
As the concept of informal organization is not rational, it is not accepted by the bureaucracy, so the worker is seen only as occupier of a position that needs to respond by the set of tasks that are under its responsibility.
To stimulate the work discipline, the bureaucrat's official life is planned for him in terms of career, promotions, pensions and wages, and in exchange, it is expected that he adapts his thoughts, feelings and actions to the needs of the organization.
However, these factors increase the conformism and lead to exaggeration in the strict observation of rules, which results in conservatism and technicality. In the bureaucracy are considered the goals of the organization and not the people.
This means that the more bureaucratic an organization is, more people are parts of the bureaucratic machinery, settled for their purposes, without creativity, initiative, and resistant to changes in their routines.
To be successful in all organizations, the organizational man must have the following characteristics of personality:
a) Flexibility, given the constant changes that occur in modern life, and the diversity of roles in various organizations, which can get a reversal, the sudden shutdown of organizations and new relationships.
b) Tolerance to frustration, to avoid the emotional distress arising from the conflict between organizational needs and individual needs, the mediation is done by rational rules, written and comprehensive, seeking involve the entire organization.
c) Ability to rewards and compensate the routine work on the organization, accordingly personal preferences and vocations, and other types of work.
d) Standing desire to achieve, to ensure compliance and cooperation with the rules that control and provide access to the career positions within the organization, providing social rewards and sanctions and materials.
Humans, known taxonomically as Homo sapiens (Latin: "wise man" or "knowing man"),are the only living species in the Homo genus of bipedal primates in Hominidae, the great ape family. Anatomically modern humans originated in Africa about 200,000 years ago, reaching full behavioral modernity around 50,000 years ago.[5]
Humans have a highly developed brain, capable of abstract reasoning, language, introspection, and problem solving. This mental capability, combined with an erect body carriage that frees the hands for manipulating objects, has allowed humans to make far greater use of tools than any other living species on Earth. Other higher-level thought processes of humans, such as self-awareness, rationality and sapience,[6][7][8] are considered to be defining features of what constitutes a "person".[9][10]
Like most higher primates, humans are social animals. However, humans are uniquely adept at utilizing systems of communication for self-expression, the exchange of ideas, and organization. Humans create complex social structures composed of many cooperating and competing groups, from families to nations. Social interactions between humans have established an extremely wide variety of values, social norms, and rituals, which together form the basis of human society. With individuals widespread in every continent except Antarctica, humans are a cosmopolitan species. As of August 2010, the population of humans was estimated to be about 6.8 billion.[11]
Humans are noted for their desire to understand and influence their environment, seeking to explain and manipulate phenomena through science, philosophy, mythology and religion. This natural curiosity has led to the development of advanced tools and skills, which are passed down culturally; humans are the only species known to build fires, cook their food, clothe themselves, and use numerous other technologies. The study of humans is the scientific discipline of anthropology.
History
Evolution
The scientific study of human evolution encompasses the development of the genus Homo, but usually involves studying other hominids and hominines as well, such as Australopithecus. "Modern humans" are defined as the Homo sapiens species, of which the only extant subspecies is known as Homo sapiens sapiens. Homo sapiens idaltu (roughly translated as "elder wise human"), the other known subspecies, is now extinct.[15] Homo neanderthalensis, which became extinct 30,000 years ago, has sometimes been classified as a subspecies, "Homo sapiens neanderthalensis"; genetic studies now suggest that the functional DNA of modern humans and Neanderthals diverged 500,000 years ago.
An organisation (or organization — see spelling differences) is a social arrangement which pursues collective goals, controls its own performance, and has a boundary separating it from its environment. The word itself is derived from the Greek word organon, itself derived from the better-known word ergon. There are a variety of legal types of organizations, including: corporations, governments, non-governmental organizations, international organizations, armed forces, charities, not-for-profit corporations, partnerships, cooperatives, and universities. A hybrid organization is a body that operates in both the public sector and the private sector, simultaneously fulfilling public duties and developing commercial market activities. As a result the hybrid organization becomes a mixture of a government and a corporate organization.
In the social sciences, organizations are the object of analysis for a number of disciplines, such as sociology, economics, political science, psychology, management, and organizational communication. The broader analysis of organizations is commonly referred to as organizational structure, organizational studies, organizational behavior, or organization analysis. A number of different perspectives exist, some of which are compatible:
- From a process-related perspective, an organization is viewed as an entity is being (re-)organized, and the focus is on the organization as a set of tasks or actions.
- From a functional perspective, the focus is on how entities like businesses or state authorities are used.
- From an institutional perspective, an organization is viewed as a purposeful structure within a social context.
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